2013年创意经济报告

秋云飞

FOREWORD 9
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13
INTRODUCTION 15
CHAPTER 1
EVOLVING CONCEPTS AND CONTEXT 19
1.1 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 19
1.1.1 CREATIVE ECONOMY 19
1.1.2 CULTURAL INDUSTRIES 20
1.1.3 CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 20
1.1.4 CULTURAL CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION 21
1.2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 21
1.3 CULTURAL ECONOMY 24
1.4 CONTEXT AND CONTOURS OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY 25
1.5 THE FORMAL AND THE INFORMAL 26
1.6 CLUSTERING AND AGGLOMERATION 29
1.7 A MEANS TO OVERCOME INEQUALITY? 30
1.8 TOWARDS NEW DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS 32
CHAPTER 2
FOCUS ON THE LOCAL LEVEL 33
2.1 CITIES AS IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT ACTORS 33
2.2 DYNAMICS OF CITIES: THE NEED FOR A NEW UNDERSTANDING 35
CHAPTER 3
WIDENING THE HORIZON 39
3.1 SETTING THE BROADER STAGE 39
3.2 CULTURAL EXPRESSION 40
3.3 HERITAGE 44
3.4 URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE 47
3.5 CULTURE AS AN ENABLER OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 51
CHAPTER 4
A PANOPLY OF LOCAL CREATIVITY ACROSS THE WORLD 53
4.1 AFRICA 54
4.2 ARAB STATES 59
4.3 ASIA-PACIFIC 68
4.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 79
4.5 NEW MODELS EMERGING FOR CREATIVE ECONOMIES OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH 83
CHAPTER 5
CRITICAL FACTORS IN PROVIDING NEW PATHWAYS FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT 87
5.1 ACCESS TO FINANCING 88
5.2 PATH DEPENDENCIES, AGENTS, INTERMEDIARIES AND INSTITUTIONS 89
5.2.1 MARSHALS, MOVERS AND SHAKERS 90
5.3 OVERCOMING PROBLEMS OF DISTANCE AND REMOTENESS 92
5.4 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COPYRIGHT 93
5.4.1 INSTITUTION-BUILDING 95
5.4.2 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCIES OF COPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIES 97
5.4.3 TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS 98
5.5 SERVING PEOPLE AND THEIR ASPIRATIONS 98
5.5.1 AGENCY AND ETHICS 98
5.5.2 EMOTIONS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 99
5.5.3 INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE, EXPRESSION AND IDENTITY 99
5.6 TRANSNATIONAL CONNECTIONS AND FLOWS 99
5.6.1 ACCESSING GLOBAL MARKETS 99
5.6.2 DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY 101
5.6.3 MOBILITY AND DIVERSITY 102
5.7 MECHANISMS, METHODS AND SCALES OF PROMOTION 104
5.7.1 SCALE OF ENTERPRISE 104
5.7.2 TARGETING INVESTMENT ALONG THE VALUE CHAIN 106
5.7.3 OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES 106
5.8 REALISTIC MAPPING OF LOCAL ASSETS 108
5.9 DEVELOPING SKILLS AND CAPACITIES 112
5.9.1 SKILLS 112
TECHNICAL SKILLS 113
ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS 114
LEADERSHIP 115
5.9.2 NETWORKING 115
BUILDINGS AND CLUSTERS 115
NETWORKING FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES 116
TRADE FAIRS/SHOWCASE EVENTS 117
5.9.3 COMMUNITY 118
CIVIL SOCIETY 118
EDUCATION 118
WELFARE ISSUES 119
5.10 WAYS FORWARD 119
5.11 THE NEED FOR MULTIPLE STRATEGIES 121
CHAPTER 6
TOWARDS INDICATORS OF EFFECTIVENESS AND SUCCESS 123
6.1 QUESTIONS WHEN CONSIDERING INDICATORS 123
6.2 USES OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY 125
6.3 RESOURCES 125
6.4 CAPACITIES 126
6.5 OUTCOMES 128
6.5.1 ECONOMIC OUTCOMES 128
6.5.2 SOCIAL OUTCOMES 129
6.5.3 CULTURAL OUTCOMES 130
6.5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES 131
6.6 MAKING A START 131
CHAPTER 7
THE UNITED NATIONS AS A STRATEGIC PARTNER OF LOCAL CREATIVE
ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT 133
7.1 PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS OF PARTNERSHIPS WITH THE UNESCO INTERNATIONAL
FUND FOR CULTURAL DIVERSITY 134
7.1.1 KEY PLANNED IMPACTS IDENTIFIED 135
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 137
GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY 139
SOCIAL INCLUSION 141
7.2 PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS OF PARTNERSHIPS WITH THE MDG-F THEMATIC WINDOW
ON CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT 142
7.2.1 WHAT TYPES OF ACTIVITIES WERE PRIORITIZED? 142
7.2.2 WHAT WERE THE KEY IMPACTS? 147
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 147
FOSTERING SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND SOCIAL COHESION 147
GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY 147
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 147
ATTRACTING CUSTOMERS 147
7.2.3 WHAT ACTIONS HELPED TO ACHIEVE TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPACT? 148
KEY ACTIONS IN CONTEXTUALIZATION AND STRATEGY DESIGN 148
KEY ACTIONS IN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT 151
7.3 TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS 151
CHAPTER 8
LESSONS LEARNED AND WAYS FORWARD 153
8.1 FROM THE GLOBAL… 153
…TO THE NATIONAL… 153
…TO THE LOCAL 154
8.2 LESSONS LEARNED 154
8.3 TEN KEYS TO FORGING NEW PATHWAYS FOR DEVELOPMENT 155
ANNEX 1
UNCTAD GLOBAL DATABASE ON THE CREATIVE ECONOMY 161
ANNEX 2
WIPO STUDIES ON THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE CREATIVE SECTOR 164
ANNEX 3
UNESCO CULTURE FOR DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS: IMPACTING POLICIES
THROUGH A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH 167
ANNEX 4
UNESCO INSTITUTE FOR STATISTICS CULTURE PROGRAMME: IMPROVING
THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY WORLDWIDE 170
REFERENCES 173
BOXES
7.1 PRIORITIZATION OF CULTURAL CREATIVITY IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIPS 134
7.2 THE INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR CULTURAL DIVERSITY (IFCD) 135
7.3 EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES 137
7.4 EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS SUPPORTING GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY OBJECTIVES 139
7.5 EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS SUPPORTING SOCIAL INCLUSION OBJECTIVES 141
7.6 OVERVIEW OF THE MDG ACHIEVEMENT FUND 143
7.7 TYPES OF ACTIVITIES OF THE MDG-F THEMATIC WINDOW ON CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT 144
7.8 MDG-F PORTFOLIO: KEY PRIORITY ACTIVITIES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL 145
7.9 MANAGERIAL EXPERIENCES IN CONTEXTUALIZATION AND STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION 149
7.10 MANAGERIAL EXPERIENCES IN STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES 150
FIGURES
1.1 DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 22
1.2 MODELLING THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES: CONCENTRIC CIRCLES MODEL 23
1.3 THE WORK FOUNDATION’S CONCENTRIC CIRCLES MODEL 24
1.4 UNESCO FRAMEWORK FOR CULTURAL STATISTICS DOMAINS 25
5.1 GROWTH OF ECCO’S INCOME 96
5.2 STRUCTURE OF GDP AT CONSTANT (2000) PRICES BY SELECTED SECTORS,
INCLUDING THE COPYRIGHT SECTOR, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2000-2011 97
7.1 INTENDED RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL FUND
FOR CULTURAL DIVERSITY (IFCD) INSERT
7.2 TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPACT: POST-IMPLEMENTATION ASSESSMENTS
OF THE MDG-F THEMATIC WINDOW ON CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT INSERT
7.3 MDG-F PORTFOLIO: DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES BY COUNTRY AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY 144
7.4 MDG-F PORTFOLIO: DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES BY TYPE OF ACTIVITY 145
MESSAGES
1 Mr. FERNANDO HADDAD, Mayor of São Paulo 31
2 H.E. MR. DR. SHASHI THAROOR, Minister of State for Human Resources Development,
Government of India 38
3 H.E. MR. MICHAEL D. HIGGINS, President of the Republic of Ireland 41
4 DAME ZAHA MOHAMMAD HADID, DBE, Architect 47
5 MS. DEIRDRE PRINS-SOLANI, former Director of the Centre for Heritage Development in Africa
and past President of the International Council of African Museums (AFRICOM) 50
6 MS. HODA I. AL KHAMIS-KANOO, Founder, Abu Dhabi Music & Arts Foundation 60
7 H.E. MR. KITTIRAT NA-RANONG, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Thailand 74
8 MR. EDWIN THUMBOO, Emeritus Professor, National University of Singapore 100
9 MR. CHRISTOPH BORKOWSY, President of Piranha Womex 103
CASE STUDIES
1.1 Informality, development and the creative economy: The case of Nollywood 27
1.2 Emerging creative localities: The case of creative-industry clusters in Montevideo 29
2.1 A theatre school in La Plata creates new professional opportunities for unemployed youth 34
2.2 The Memphis Music Magnet: Arts-based community development 37
3.1 Montevideo city council invests in creativity and social inclusion 42
3.2 Indigenous young people gain skills and access to jobs in the audio-visual sector in Guatemala City 43
3.3 Small farmers, culture and sustainable development 44
3.4 The Aga Khan Trust’s Azhar Park project in Cairo 46
3.5 Movingcities.org: Monitoring the metropolis in Beijing 49
4.1 The entrepreneurship model of the Festival sur le Niger 55
4.2 Nairobi’s GoDown Arts centre 58
4.3 The Book Café, an innovative creative business model in Harare 59
4.4 Ouarzazate, Hollywood in the Moroccan desert 62
4.5 The Ksour Route: creativity spurring responsible tourism in Algerian villages 63
4.6 Cultural revival in the wake of the Essaouira Festival, Morocco 64
4.7 The Carwan Gallery, Beirut 65
4.8 Nagada: contemporary products using traditional methods in rural Egypt 66
4.9 Investing in the Wuhan central culture district 69
4.10 Block printed textiles in Sanganer 71
4.11 Banglanatak: Music for livelihoods 72
4.12 The Chiang Mai Creative City Initiative 75
4.13 Creativity intersects with economic development in Kasongan 76
4.14 A community-led audio-visual micro-industry on Siberut island, Indonesia 77
4.15 Unleashing new market opportunities for entrepreneurs in Argentina 78
4.16 Medellín: A park, a library 81
4.17 Destination branding: The Bob Marley Museum 82
5.1 Developing strategies to train entrepreneurs and attract investors in the creative industries in Niger 89
5.2 SAFRA, a subregional bridge-building event 91
5.3 Development of home textile industry in Nantong, China through improved copyright
institutions and legislation 94
5.4 The African Music Export Office (BEMA) 101
5.5 Fair play for Beninese musicians 105
5.6 African cinema today 107
5.7 Latin America’s community cinema 108
5.8 Mapping the creative economy of Barbados 109
5.9 The Gauteng Creative Mapping Project 110
5.10 Buenos Aires supports content producers 114
5.11 The Reemdoogo Music Garden, Ouagadougou 116
5.12 Creative Factory Rotterdam 117

Michael780920

要死了，看起来也太费劲了